模組:IPA symbol/data
可在模組:IPA symbol/data/doc建立此模組的說明文件
local data = {
sounds = {},
diacritics = {},
univPatterns = {
{
pat = "g", -- Latin Small Letter G
rep = "ɡ" -- Latin Small Letter Script G
},
{
pat = "ᵍ", -- Modifier Letter Small G
rep = "ᶢ" -- Modifier Letter Small Script G
},
{
pat = "l̴", -- 'l' + Combining Tilde Overlay
rep = "ɫ" -- Latin Small Letter L with Middle Tilde
},
{
pat = "ˁ", -- Modifier Letter Reversed Glottal Stop
rep = "ˤ" -- Modifier Letter Small Reversed Glottal Stop
},
{
pat = "’", -- Right Single Quotation Mark
rep = "ʼ" -- Modifier Letter Apostrophe
},
{
pat = "ȷ", -- Latin Small Letter Dotless J
rep = "j" -- Latin Small Letter J
},
{
pat = "ʇ", -- Latin Small Letter Turned T
rep = "ǀ" -- Latin Letter Dental Click
},
{
pat = "[!ʗ]", -- Exclamation Mark / Latin Letter Stretched C
rep = "ǃ" -- Latin Letter Retroflex Click
},
{
pat = "ǃǃ", -- Latin Letter Retroflex Click x 2
rep = "‼" -- Double Exclamation Mark
},
{
pat = "ʖ", -- Latin Letter Inverted Glottal Stop
rep = "ǁ" -- Latin Letter Lateral Click
},
},
keyPatterns = {
-- These do not affect the revese look for diacritics
{
pat = "[͜͡ːˑ◌]", -- Tie bars, length marks, dotted circle
rep = ""
},
{
pat = "ᵏ", -- Modifier Letter Small K
rep = "k" -- Latin Small Letter K
},
{
pat = "ᶢ", -- Modifier Letter Small Script G
rep = "ɡ" -- Latin Small Letter Script G
},
{
pat = "ᵑ", -- Modifier Letter Small Eng
rep = "ŋ" -- Latin Small Letter Eng
},
}
}
local rawData = {
sounds = {
-- PULMONIC CONSONANTS 肺部氣流音
-- NASAL 鼻音
{
name = "清雙唇鼻音",
symbols = { "m̥" },
},
{
name = "雙唇鼻音",
symbols = { "m" },
audio = "Bilabial nasal.ogg"
},
{
name = "唇齒鼻音",
symbols = { "ɱ" },
audio = "Labiodental nasal.ogg"
},
{
name = "舌唇鼻音",
symbols = { "n̼" },
audio = "Linguolabial nasal.ogg"
},
{
name = "齒鼻音",
symbols = { "n̪" },
},
{
name = "清齒齦鼻音",
symbols = { "n̥" },
},
{
name = "齒齦鼻音",
symbols = { "n" },
audio = "Alveolar nasal.ogg"
},
{
name = "齒齦後鼻音",
symbols = { "n̠" },
},
{
name = "清捲舌鼻音",
symbols = { "ɳ̊", "ɳ̥" },
},
{
name = "捲舌鼻音",
symbols = { "ɳ" },
audio = "Retroflex nasal.ogg"
},
{
name = "清齦顎鼻音",
symbols = { "n̠̊ʲ", "ɲ̊˖", "ɲ̟̊", "ȵ̊" },
},
{
name = "齦顎鼻音",
symbols = { "n̠ʲ", "ɲ˖", "ɲ̟", "ȵ" },
},
{
name = "清硬顎鼻音",
symbols = { "ɲ̊", "ɲ̥" },
},
{
name = "硬顎鼻音",
symbols = { "ɲ" },
audio = "Palatal nasal.ogg"
},
{
name = "後顎鼻音",
symbols = { "ɲ˗", "ɲ̠", "ŋ˖", "ŋ̟" },
},
{
name = "清軟顎鼻音",
symbols = { "ŋ̊", "ŋ̥" },
},
{
name = "軟顎鼻音",
symbols = { "ŋ" },
audio = "Velar nasal.ogg"
},
{
name = "前小舌鼻音",
symbols = { "ɴ̟", "ŋ˗", "ŋ̠" },
},
{
name = "小舌鼻音",
symbols = { "ɴ" },
audio = "Uvular nasal.ogg"
},
-- Stops 塞音
{
name = "清雙唇塞音",
symbols = { "p" },
audio = "Voiceless bilabial plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "濁雙唇塞音",
symbols = { "b" },
audio = "Voiced bilabial plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "清唇齒塞音",
symbols = { "p̪", "p͆" },
},
{
name = "濁唇齒塞音",
symbols = { "b̪" },
},
{
name = "清舌唇塞音",
symbols = { "t̼" },
},
{
name = "濁舌唇塞音",
symbols = { "d̼" },
},
{
name = "清齒塞音",
symbols = { "t̪" },
audio = "Voiceless dental stop.ogg"
},
{
name = "濁齒塞音",
symbols = { "d̪" },
audio = "Voiced dental stop.ogg"
},
{
name = "清齒齦塞音",
symbols = { "t" },
audio = "Voiceless alveolar plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "濁齒齦塞音",
symbols = { "d" },
audio = "Voiced alveolar plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "清齒齦後塞音",
symbols = { "t̠" },
},
{
name = "濁齒齦後塞音",
symbols = { "d̠" },
},
{
name = "清捲舌塞音",
symbols = { "ʈ" },
audio = "Voiceless retroflex stop.oga"
},
{
name = "濁捲舌塞音",
symbols = { "ɖ" },
audio = "Voiced retroflex stop.oga"
},
{
name = "清齦顎塞音",
symbols = { "t̠ʲ", "c̟", "ȶ" },
},
{
name = "濁齦顎塞音",
symbols = { "d̠ʲ", "ɟ˖", "ɟ̟", "ȡ" },
},
{
name = "清硬顎塞音",
symbols = { "c" },
audio = "Voiceless palatal plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "濁硬顎塞音",
symbols = { "ɟ" },
audio = "Voiced palatal plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "清後顎塞音",
symbols = { "c̠", "k̟" },
},
{
name = "濁後顎塞音",
symbols = { "ɟ˗", "ɟ̠", "ɡ˖", "ɡ̟" },
},
{
name = "清軟顎塞音",
symbols = { "k" },
audio = "Voiceless velar plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "濁軟顎塞音",
symbols = { "ɡ" },
audio = "Voiced velar plosive 02.ogg"
},
{
name = "清前小舌塞音",
symbols = { "q˖", "q̟", "k̠" },
},
{
name = "濁前小舌塞音",
symbols = { "ɢ̟", "ɡ˗", "ɡ̠" },
},
{
name = "清小舌塞音",
symbols = { "q" },
audio = "Voiceless uvular plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "濁小舌塞音",
symbols = { "ɢ" },
audio = "Voiced uvular stop.oga"
},
{
name = "會厭塞音",
symbols = { "ʡ" },
audio = "Epiglottal stop.ogg"
},
{
name = "聲門塞音",
symbols = { "ʔ" },
audio = "Glottal stop.ogg"
},
-- Affricates 塞擦音
{
name = "清雙唇塞擦音",
symbols = { "pɸ" },
audio = "Voiceless bilabial affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "濁雙唇塞擦音",
symbols = { "bβ" },
},
{
name = "清唇齒塞擦音",
symbols = { "p̪f", "p͆f", "pf" },
audio = "Voiceless labiodental affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "濁唇齒塞擦音",
symbols = { "b̪v", "bv" },
audio = "Voiced labiodental affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "清齒塞擦音",
symbols = { "t̪s̪", "ts̪", "t̟s̟", "ts̟" },
audio = "Voiceless dental sibilant affricate.oga"
},
{
name = "濁齒塞擦音",
symbols = { "d̪z̪", "dz̪", "d̟z̟", "dz̟" },
audio = "Voiced dental sibilant affricate.oga"
},
{
name = "清齒無噝塞擦音",
symbols = { "t̪θ", "t̟θ", "tθ" },
audio = "Voiceless dental non-sibilant affricate.oga"
},
{
name = "濁齒無噝塞擦音",
symbols = { "d̪ð", "d̟ð", "dð" },
audio = "Voiced dental non-sibilant affricate.oga"
},
{
name = "清齒齦塞擦音",
symbols = { "ts", "ʦ" },
audio = "Voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate.oga"
},
{
name = "濁齒齦塞擦音",
symbols = { "dz", "ʣ" },
audio = "Voiced alveolar sibilant affricate.oga"
},
{
name = "清舌尖齒齦塞擦音",
symbols = { "t̺s̺", "ts̺", "t̠s̠", "ts̠" },
},
{
name = "濁舌尖齒齦塞擦音",
symbols = { "d̺z̺", "dz̺", "d̠z̠", "dz̠" },
},
{
name = "清齒齦無噝塞擦音",
symbols = { "tɹ̝̊", "tɹ̥", "tθ̠", "tθ͇" },
},
{
name = "濁齒齦無噝塞擦音",
symbols = { "dɹ̝", "dɹ", "dð̠", "dð̳" },
},
{
name = "清顎齦塞擦音",
symbols = { "t̠ʃ", "tʃ", "ʧ" },
audio = "Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "濁顎齦塞擦音",
symbols = { "d̠ʒ", "dʒ", "ʤ" },
audio = "Voiced palato-alveolar affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "清齒齦後無噝塞擦音",
symbols = { "t̠ɹ̠̊˔", "tɹ̠̊˔", "tɹ̝̊˗", "t̠ɹ̝̊˗", "t̠ɹ̠̊", "tɹ̠̊" },
audio = "Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "濁齒齦後無噝塞擦音",
symbols = { "d̠ɹ̠˔", "dɹ̠˔", "dɹ̝˗", "d̠ɹ̝˗", "d̠ɹ̠", "dɹ̠" },
audio = "Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "清捲舌塞擦音",
symbols = { "ʈʂ", "tʂ" },
audio = "Voiceless retroflex affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "濁捲舌塞擦音",
symbols = { "ɖʐ", "dʐ" },
audio = "Voiced retroflex affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "清齦顎塞擦音",
symbols = { "tɕ", "cɕ", "ʨ" },
audio = "Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "濁齦顎塞擦音",
symbols = { "dʑ", "ɟʑ", "ʥ" },
audio = "Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "清硬顎塞擦音",
symbols = { "cç" },
audio = "Voiceless palatal affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "濁硬顎塞擦音",
symbols = { "ɟʝ" },
audio = "Voiced palatal affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "清後顎塞擦音",
symbols = { "c̠ç˗", "cç˗", "c̠ç̠", "cç̠", "k̟x̟", "kx̟" },
},
{
name = "濁後顎塞擦音",
symbols = { "ɟ˗ʝ˗", "ɟʝ˗", "ɟ̠ʝ̠", "ɟʝ̠", "ɡ˖ɣ˖", "ɡɣ˖", "ɡ̟ɣ̟", "ɡɣ̟" },
},
{
name = "清軟顎塞擦音",
symbols = { "kx" },
audio = "Voiceless velar affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "濁軟顎塞擦音",
symbols = { "ɡɣ" },
audio = "Voiced velar affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "清前小舌塞擦音",
symbols = { "q˖χ˖", "qχ˖", "q̟χ̟", "qχ̟", "k̠x̠", "kx̠" },
},
{
name = "清小舌塞擦音",
symbols = { "qχ" },
audio = "Voiceless uvular affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "濁小舌塞擦音",
symbols = { "ɢʁ" },
audio = "Voiced uvular affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "清咽塞擦音",
symbols = { "ʡħ" },
},
{
name = "清會厭塞擦音",
symbols = { "ʡʜ" },
audio = "Voiceless epiglottal affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "濁會厭塞擦音",
symbols = { "ʡʢ" },
audio = "Voiced epiglottal affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "清聲門塞擦音",
symbols = { "ʔh" },
audio = "Voiceless glottal affricate.ogg"
},
-- Fricatives 擦音
{
name = "清雙唇擦音",
symbols = { "ɸ" },
audio = "Voiceless bilabial fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "濁雙唇擦音",
symbols = { "β" },
audio = "Voiced bilabial fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "清唇齒擦音",
symbols = { "f" },
audio = "Voiceless labiodental fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "濁唇齒擦音",
symbols = { "v" },
audio = "Voiced labiodental fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "清舌唇擦音",
symbols = { "θ̼" },
},
{
name = "濁舌唇擦音",
symbols = { "ð̼" },
},
{
name = "清齒擦音",
symbols = { "θ" },
audio = "Voiceless dental fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "濁齒擦音",
symbols = { "ð" },
audio = "Voiced dental fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "清齒有噝擦音",
symbols = { "s̪" },
},
{
name = "濁齒有噝擦音",
symbols = { "z̪" },
},
{
name = "清齒齒齦有噝擦音",
symbols = { "s̻̪", "s̪̻", "s̻͆", "s̟" },
},
{
name = "清齒齦有噝擦音",
symbols = { "s" },
audio = "Voiceless alveolar sibilant.ogg"
},
{
name = "濁齒齦有噝擦音",
symbols = { "z" },
audio = "Voiced alveolar sibilant.ogg"
},
{
name = "清舌尖齒齦有噝擦音",
symbols = { "s̺", "s̠" },
},
{
name = "濁舌尖齒齦有噝擦音",
symbols = { "z̺", "z̠" },
},
{
name = "清齒齦無噝擦音",
symbols = { "θ̠", "θ͇", "ɹ̝̊" },
audio = "Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "濁齒齦無噝擦音",
symbols = { "ð̠", "ð̳", "ɹ̝" },
audio = "Voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "清齒齦閃擦音",
symbols = { "ɾ̞̊" },
audio = "Voiceless alveolar tapped fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "濁齒齦閃擦音",
symbols = { "ɾ̞" },
audio = "Voiced alveolar tapped fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "清顎齦擦音",
symbols = { "ʃ" },
audio = "Voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant.ogg"
},
{
name = "濁顎齦擦音",
symbols = { "ʒ" },
audio = "Voiced palato-alveolar sibilant.ogg"
},
{
name = "清齒齦後無噝擦音",
symbols = { "ɹ̠̊˔", "ɹ̝̊˗" },
audio = "Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "濁齒齦後無噝擦音",
symbols = { "ɹ̠˔", "ɹ̝˗" },
audio = "Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "清捲舌擦音",
symbols = { "ʂ" },
audio = "Voiceless retroflex sibilant.ogg"
},
{
name = "濁捲舌擦音",
symbols = { "ʐ" },
audio = "Voiced retroflex sibilant.ogg"
},
{
name = "濁捲舌無噝擦音",
symbols = { "ɻ̝", "ɻ˔" },
},
{
name = "清齦顎擦音",
symbols = { "ɕ" },
audio = "Voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant.ogg"
},
{
name = "濁齦顎擦音",
symbols = { "ʑ" },
audio = "Voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant.ogg"
},
{
name = "清硬顎擦音",
symbols = { "ç" },
audio = "Voiceless palatal fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "濁硬顎擦音",
symbols = { "ʝ" },
audio = "Voiced palatal fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "清後顎擦音",
symbols = { "ç˗", "ç̠", "x̟" },
},
{
name = "濁後顎擦音",
symbols = { "ʝ˗", "ʝ̠", "ɣ˖", "ɣ̟" },
},
{
name = "清軟顎擦音",
symbols = { "x" },
audio = "Voiceless velar fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "濁軟顎擦音",
symbols = { "ɣ" },
audio = "Voiced velar fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "清前小舌擦音",
symbols = { "χ˖", "χ̟", "x̠" },
},
{
name = "濁前小舌擦音",
symbols = { "ʁ̟", "ɣ˗", "ɣ̠" },
},
{
name = "清小舌擦音",
symbols = { "χ" },
audio = "Voiceless uvular fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "濁小舌擦音",
symbols = { "ʁ" },
audio = "Voiced uvular fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "清咽擦音",
symbols = { "ħ" },
audio = "Voiceless pharyngeal fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "濁咽擦音",
symbols = { "ʕ" },
audio = "Voiced pharyngeal fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "清聲門擦音",
symbols = { "h" },
audio = "Voiceless glottal fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "濁聲門擦音",
symbols = { "ɦ" },
audio = "Voiced glottal fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "清雙齒擦音",
symbols = { "h̪͆" },
},
-- Approximants 近音
{
name = "清雙唇近音",
symbols = { "β̞̊", "β̥˕" },
},
{
name = "雙唇近音",
symbols = { "β̞" },
audio = "Bilabial approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "清唇齒近音",
symbols = { "ʋ̥", "f̞" },
},
{
name = "唇齒近音",
symbols = { "ʋ" },
audio = "Labiodental approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "清齒近音",
symbols = { "θ̞" },
},
{
name = "齒近音",
symbols = { "ð̞" },
},
{
name = "清齒齦近音",
symbols = { "ɹ̥" },
},
{
name = "齒齦近音",
symbols = { "ɹ" },
audio = "Alveolar approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "齒齦後近音",
symbols = { "ɹ̠" },
audio = "Postalveolar approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "清捲舌近音",
symbols = { "ɻ̊" },
},
{
name = "捲舌近音",
symbols = { "ɻ" },
audio = "Retroflex approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "清硬顎近音",
symbols = { "j̊" },
},
{
name = "硬顎近音",
symbols = { "j", "ʝ˕", "ʝ̞" },
audio = "Palatal approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "後顎近音",
symbols = { "j˗", "j̠", "ɰ̟", "ɰ˖", "ʝ˕˗", "ʝ˗˕", "ʝ̞˗", "ɣ˕˖", "ɣ˖˕", "ɣ̞˖" },
audio = "Post-palatal approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "清軟顎近音",
symbols = { "ɰ̊", "x̞", "ɣ̊˕", "ɣ̞̊" },
},
{
name = "軟顎近音",
symbols = { "ɰ", "ɣ˕", "ɣ̞" },
audio = "Voiced velar approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "小舌近音",
symbols = { "ʁ̞" },
},
{
name = "咽近音",
symbols = { "ʕ̞" },
},
{
name = "會厭近音",
symbols = { "ʢ̞" },
},
{
name = "吱嘎音聲門近音",
symbols = { "ʔ̞", "ʔ̰" },
},
-- Taps/flaps 閃音/彈音
{
name = "雙唇閃音",
symbols = { "ⱱ̟" },
},
{
name = "唇齒閃音",
symbols = { "ⱱ" },
audio = "Labiodental flap.ogg"
},
{
name = "舌唇閃音",
symbols = { "ɾ̼" },
},
{
name = "齒閃音",
symbols = { "ɾ̪" },
},
{
name = "清齒齦閃音",
symbols = { "ɾ̥" },
},
{
name = "齒齦閃音",
symbols = { "ɾ" },
audio = "Alveolar tap.ogg"
},
{
name = "齒齦後閃音",
symbols = { "ɾ̠" },
},
{
name = "鼻化齒齦閃音",
symbols = { "ɾ̃", "n̆" },
},
{
name = "清捲舌閃音",
symbols = { "ɽ̊" },
},
{
name = "捲舌閃音",
symbols = { "ɽ" },
audio = "Retroflex flap.ogg"
},
{
name = "小舌閃音",
symbols = { "ɢ̆", "ʀ̆" },
},
{
name = "會厭閃音",
symbols = { "ʡ̆", "ʕ̆" },
audio = "Epiglottal flap.oga"
},
-- Trills 顫音
{
name = "清雙唇顫音",
symbols = { "ʙ̥" },
audio = "Voiceless bilabial trill with aspiration.ogg"
},
{
name = "雙唇顫音",
symbols = { "ʙ" },
audio = "Bilabial trill.ogg"
},
{
name = "舌唇顫音",
symbols = { "r̼" },
audio = "Linguolabial trill.ogg"
},
{
name = "齒顫音",
symbols = { "r̪" },
},
{
name = "清齒齦顫音",
symbols = { "r̥" },
audio = "Voiceless alveolar trill.ogg"
},
{
name = "齒齦顫音",
symbols = { "r" },
audio = "Alveolar trill.ogg"
},
{
name = "清齒齦擦顫音",
symbols = { "r̝̊" },
},
{
name = "濁齒齦擦顫音",
symbols = { "r̝" },
audio = "Raised alveolar non-sonorant trill.ogg"
},
{
name = "齒齦後顫音",
symbols = { "r̠" },
},
{
name = "清捲舌顫音",
symbols = { "ɽ̊ɽ̊", "ɽ̊r̥", "ɽr̥" },
},
{
name = "捲舌顫音",
symbols = { "ɽɽ", "ɽr" },
},
{
name = "清前小舌擦顫音",
symbols = { "ʀ̝̊˖", "ʀ̟̊˔" },
},
{
name = "濁前小舌擦顫音",
symbols = { "ʀ̝˖", "ʀ̟˔" },
},
{
name = "清小舌顫音",
symbols = { "ʀ̥" },
audio = "Voiceless uvular trill.ogg"
},
{
name = "小舌顫音",
symbols = { "ʀ" },
audio = "Uvular trill.ogg"
},
{
name = "清小舌擦顫音",
symbols = { "ʀ̝̊" },
},
{
name = "濁小舌擦顫音",
symbols = { "ʀ̝" },
},
{
name = "清會厭顫音",
symbols = { "ʜ" },
audio = "Voiceless epiglottal trill.ogg"
},
{
name = "濁會厭顫音",
symbols = { "ʢ" },
audio = "Voiced epiglottal fricative.ogg"
},
-- Lateral affricates 邊塞擦音
{
name = "清齒齦邊塞擦音",
symbols = { "tɬ", "ƛ" },
audio = "Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "濁齒齦邊塞擦音",
symbols = { "dɮ" },
audio = "Voiced alveolar lateral affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "清捲舌邊塞擦音",
symbols = { "ʈɭ̊˔","ʈɭ̊" },
},
{
name = "清硬顎邊塞擦音",
symbols = { "cʎ̝̊", "cʎ̥" },
audio = "Voiceless palatal lateral affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "清軟顎邊塞擦音",
symbols = { "kʟ̝̊", "kʟ̥" },
audio = "Voiceless velar lateral affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "濁軟顎邊塞擦音",
symbols = { "ɡʟ̝", "ɡʟ" },
audio = "Voiced velar lateral affricate.ogg"
},
-- Lateral fricatives 邊擦音
{
name = "清齒邊擦音",
symbols = { "ɬ̪" },
},
{
name = "濁齒邊擦音",
symbols = { "ɮ̪", "ɮ͆" },
},
{
name = "清齒齦邊擦音",
symbols = { "ɬ" },
audio = "Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "濁齒齦邊擦音",
symbols = { "ɮ" },
audio = "Voiced alveolar lateral fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "清捲舌邊擦音",
symbols = { "ɭ̊˔", "ꞎ" },
audio = "Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "濁捲舌邊擦音",
symbols = { "ɭ˔" },
},
{
name = "清齦顎邊擦音",
symbols = { "ɬ̠ʲ", "ʎ̝̊˖", "ȴ̊˔" },
},
{
name = "清硬顎邊擦音",
symbols = { "ʎ̝̊" },
audio = "Voiceless palatal lateral fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "濁硬顎邊擦音",
symbols = { "ʎ̝" },
},
{
name = "清軟顎邊擦音",
symbols = { "ʟ̝̊" },
audio = "Voiceless velar lateral fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "濁軟顎邊擦音",
symbols = { "ʟ̝" },
audio = "Voiced velar lateral fricative.ogg"
},
-- Lateral approximants 邊近音
{
name = "齒邊近音",
symbols = { "l̪" },
},
{
name = "清齒齦邊近音",
symbols = { "l̥" },
},
{
name = "齒齦邊近音",
symbols = { "l" },
audio = "Alveolar lateral approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "齒齦後邊近音",
symbols = { "l̠" },
},
{
name = "清捲舌邊近音",
symbols = { "ɭ̊" },
},
{
name = "捲舌邊近音",
symbols = { "ɭ" },
audio = "Retroflex lateral approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "清齦顎邊近音",
symbols = { "l̠̊ʲ", "ʎ̟̊", "ȴ̊" },
},
{
name = "齦顎邊近音",
symbols = { "l̠ʲ", "ʎ̟", "ȴ" },
},
{
name = "清硬顎邊近音",
symbols = { "ʎ̥" },
},
{
name = "硬顎邊近音",
symbols = { "ʎ" },
audio = "Palatal lateral approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "清軟顎邊近音",
symbols = { "ʟ̥" },
},
{
name = "軟顎邊近音",
symbols = { "ʟ" },
audio = "Velar lateral approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "小舌邊近音",
symbols = { "ʟ̠" },
audio = "Uvular lateral approximant.ogg"
},
-- Lateral taps/flaps 邊閃音
{
name = "齒齦邊閃音",
symbols = { "ɺ" },
audio = "Alveolar lateral flap.ogg"
},
{
name = "捲舌邊閃音",
symbols = { "ɭ̆" },
},
{
name = "硬顎邊閃音",
symbols = { "ʎ̆" },
},
{
name = "軟顎邊閃音",
symbols = { "ʟ̆" },
},
-- NON-PULMONIC CONSONANTS 非肺部氣流音
-- Ejective stops 擠喉塞音
{
name = "雙唇擠喉音",
symbols = { "pʼ" },
audio = "Bilabial ejective plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "齒擠喉音",
symbols = { "t̪ʼ" },
},
{
name = "齒齦擠喉音",
symbols = { "tʼ" },
audio = "Alveolar ejective plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "捲舌擠喉音",
symbols = { "ʈʼ" },
audio = "Retroflex ejective.ogg"
},
{
name = "硬顎擠喉音",
symbols = { "cʼ" },
audio = "Palatal ejective.ogg"
},
{
name = "軟顎擠喉音",
symbols = { "kʼ" },
audio = "Velar ejective plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "小舌擠喉音",
symbols = { "qʼ" },
audio = "Uvular ejective plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "會厭擠喉音",
symbols = { "ʡʼ" },
audio = "Epiglottal ejective.ogg"
},
-- Ejective affricates 擠喉塞擦音
{
name = "齒擠喉塞擦音",
symbols = { "t̪θʼ", "t̟θʼ", "tθʼ" },
audio = "Dental ejective affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "齒齦擠喉塞擦音",
symbols = { "tsʼ" },
audio = "Alveolar ejective affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "顎齦擠喉塞擦音",
symbols = { "t̠ʃʼ", "tʃʼ" },
audio = "Palato-alveolar ejective affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "捲舌擠喉塞擦音",
symbols = { "ʈʂʼ", "tʂʼ" },
audio = "Retroflex ejective affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "齦顎擠喉塞擦音",
symbols = { "t̠ɕʼ", "tɕʼ", "cɕʼ" },
},
{
name = "硬顎擠喉塞擦音",
symbols = { "cçʼ" },
audio = "Palatal ejective affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "軟顎擠喉塞擦音",
symbols = { "kxʼ" },
audio = "Velar ejective affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "小舌擠喉塞擦音",
symbols = { "qχʼ" },
audio = "Uvular ejective affricate.ogg"
},
-- Ejective fricatives 擠喉擦音
{
name = "雙唇擠喉擦音",
symbols = { "ɸʼ" },
},
{
name = "唇齒擠喉擦音",
symbols = { "fʼ" },
audio = "Labiodental ejective fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "齒擠喉擦音",
symbols = { "θʼ" },
audio = "Dental ejective fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "齒齦擠喉擦音",
symbols = { "sʼ" },
audio = "Alveolar ejective fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "顎齦擠喉擦音",
symbols = { "ʃʼ" },
audio = "Palato-alveolar ejective fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "捲舌擠喉擦音",
symbols = { "ʂʼ" },
audio = "Retroflex ejective fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "齦顎擠喉擦音",
symbols = { "ɕʼ" },
audio = "Alveolo-palatal ejective fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "硬顎擠喉擦音",
symbols = { "çʼ" },
audio = "Palatal ejective fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "軟顎擠喉擦音",
symbols = { "xʼ" },
audio = "Velar ejective fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "小舌擠喉擦音",
symbols = { "χʼ" },
audio = "Uvular ejective fricative.ogg"
},
-- Lateral ejective affricates 擠喉邊塞擦音
{
name = "齒齦擠喉邊塞擦音",
symbols = { "tɬʼ", "ƛʼ" },
audio = "Alveolar lateral ejective affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "硬顎擠喉邊塞擦音",
symbols = { "cʎ̝̊ʼ", "cʎ̥ʼ" },
audio = "Palatal lateral ejective affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "軟顎擠喉邊塞擦音",
symbols = { "kʟ̝̊ʼ", "kʟ̥ʼ" },
audio = "Velar lateral ejective affricate.ogg"
},
-- Lateral ejective fricatives 擠喉邊擦音
{
name = "齒齦擠喉邊擦音",
symbols = { "ɬʼ" },
audio = "Alveolar lateral ejective fricative.ogg"
},
-- Tenuis clicks 不送氣搭嘴音
{
name = "不送氣雙唇搭嘴音",
symbols = { "ʘ", "kʘ" },
audio = "Clic bilabial sourd.ogg"
},
{
name = "不送氣齒搭嘴音",
symbols = { "ǀ", "kǀ" },
audio = "Dental click.ogg"
},
{
name = "不送氣齒齦搭嘴音",
symbols = { "ǃ", "kǃ" },
audio = "Postalveolar click.ogg"
},
{
name = "不送氣硬顎搭嘴音",
symbols = { "ǂ", "kǂ" },
audio = "Palatoalveolar click.ogg"
},
{
name = "軟顎搭嘴音",
symbols = { "ʞ" },
},
-- Voiced clicks 濁搭嘴音
{
name = "濁雙唇搭嘴音",
symbols = { "ʘ̬", "ɡʘ" },
audio = "Bilabial click.ogg"
},
{
name = "濁齒搭嘴音",
symbols = { "ǀ̬", "ɡǀ" },
},
{
name = "濁齒齦搭嘴音",
symbols = { "ǃ̬", "ɡǃ" },
},
{
name = "不送氣捲舌搭嘴音",
symbols = { "‼" },
},
{
name = "濁硬顎搭嘴音",
symbols = { "ǂ̬", "ɡǂ" },
},
{
name = "濁捲舌搭嘴音",
symbols = { "‼̬", "ɡ‼" },
},
-- Nasal clicks 鼻搭嘴音
{
name = "雙唇鼻搭嘴音",
symbols = { "ʘ̃", "ŋʘ" },
},
{
name = "齒鼻搭嘴音",
symbols = { "ǀ̃", "ŋǀ" },
},
{
name = "齒齦鼻搭嘴音",
symbols = { "ǃ̃", "ŋǃ" },
audio = "Intervocalic nasal alveolar clicks.ogg"
},
{
name = "硬顎鼻搭嘴音",
symbols = { "ǂ̃", "ŋǂ" },
},
{
name = "捲舌鼻搭嘴音",
symbols = { "‼̃", "ŋ‼" },
},
-- Lateral clicks 邊搭嘴音
{
name = "不送氣邊搭嘴音", --或作「不送氣齒齦邊搭嘴音」
symbols = { "ǁ", "kǁ" },
audio = "Alveolar lateral click.ogg"
},
{
name = "濁邊搭嘴音", --或作「濁齒齦邊搭嘴音」
symbols = { "ǁ̬", "ɡǁ" },
},
-- Lateral nasal clicks 邊鼻搭嘴音
{
name = "齒齦邊鼻搭嘴音",
symbols = { "ǁ̃", "ŋǁ" },
},
-- Glottalized clicks 聲門化搭嘴音
{
name = "聲門化雙唇鼻搭嘴音",
symbols = { "ʘ̃ˀ", "ʘˀ", "ŋ̊ʘˀ", "ŋʘˀ" },
},
{
name = "聲門化齒鼻搭嘴音",
symbols = { "ǀ̃ˀ", "ǀˀ", "ŋ̊ǀˀ", "ŋǀˀ" },
},
{
name = "聲門化齒齦鼻搭嘴音",
symbols = { "ǃ̃ˀ", "ǃˀ", "ŋ̊ǃˀ", "ŋǃˀ" },
},
{
name = "聲門化捲舌鼻搭嘴音",
symbols = { "‼̃ˀ", "‼ˀ", "ŋ‼ˀ", "ŋ̊‼ˀ" },
},
{
name = "聲門化硬顎鼻搭嘴音",
symbols = { "ǂ̃ˀ", "ǂˀ", "ŋ̊ǂˀ", "ŋǂˀ" },
},
{
name = "聲門化齒齦邊鼻搭嘴音",
symbols = { "ǁ̃ˀ", "ǁˀ", "ŋ̊ǁˀ", "ŋǁˀ" },
},
-- Implosives 內爆音
{
name = "清雙唇內爆音",
symbols = { "ɓ̥", "ƥ" },
},
{
name = "濁雙唇內爆音",
symbols = { "ɓ" },
audio = "Voiced bilabial implosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "清齒齦內爆音",
symbols = { "ɗ̥", "ƭ" },
},
{
name = "濁齒齦內爆音",
symbols = { "ɗ" },
audio = "Voiced alveolar implosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "清捲舌內爆音",
symbols = { "ᶑ̊", "ᶑ̥" },
},
{
name = "濁捲舌內爆音",
symbols = { "ᶑ" },
},
{
name = "清硬顎內爆音",
symbols = { "ʄ̊", "ʄ̥", "ƈ" },
},
{
name = "濁硬顎內爆音",
symbols = { "ʄ" },
audio = "Voiced palatal implosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "清軟顎內爆音",
symbols = { "ɠ̊", "ƙ" },
},
{
name = "濁軟顎內爆音",
symbols = { "ɠ" },
audio = "Voiced velar implosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "清小舌內爆音",
symbols = { "ʛ̥", "ʠ" },
},
{
name = "濁小舌內爆音",
symbols = { "ʛ" },
audio = "Voiced uvular implosive.ogg"
},
-- CO-ARTICULATED CONSONANTS 協同調音輔音
-- Co-articulated nasals 協同調音鼻音
{
name = "唇齒齦鼻音",
symbols = { "nm" },
article = "唇齦音",
},
{
name = "唇軟顎鼻音",
symbols = { "ŋm" },
audio = "Labial-velar nasal stop.ogg"
},
-- Co-articulated stops 協同調音塞音
{
name = "清唇齒齦塞音",
symbols = { "tp" },
article = "唇齦音",
},
{
name = "濁唇齒齦塞音",
symbols = { "db" },
article = "唇齦音",
},
{
name = "清唇軟顎塞音",
symbols = { "kp" },
audio = "Voiceless labial-velar plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "濁唇軟顎塞音",
symbols = { "ɡb" },
audio = "Voiced labial-velar plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "小舌會厭塞音",
symbols = { "qʡ" },
article = "小舌會厭音",
},
-- Co-articulated fricatives 協同調音擦音
{
name = "Sj音",
symbols = { "ɧ" },
audio = "Voiceless dorso-palatal velar fricative.ogg"
},
-- Co-articulated approximants 協同調音近音
{
name = "清圓唇硬顎近音",
symbols = { "ɥ̊" },
},
{
name = "圓唇硬顎近音",
symbols = { "ɥ" },
audio = "Labial-palatal approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "清圓唇軟顎近音",
symbols = { "ʍ", "w̥", "hw" },
audio = "Voiceless labio-velar fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "濁圓唇軟顎近音",
symbols = { "w" },
audio = "Voiced labio-velar approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "不突出濁圓唇軟顎近音",
symbols = { "wᵝ", "ɰᵝ" },
article = "濁圓唇軟顎近音",
},
-- Co-articulated lateral approximants 協同調音邊近音
{
name = "軟顎化齒邊近音",
symbols = { "ɫ̪", "l̪ˠ" },
},
{
name = "軟顎化齒齦邊近音",
symbols = { "ɫ", "lˠ" },
audio = "Velarized alveolar lateral approximant.ogg"
},
-- Nasal approximants 鼻近音
{
name = "鼻硬顎近音",
symbols = { "j̃" },
},
{
name = "鼻化圓唇軟顎近音",
symbols = { "w̃" },
},
{
name = "清鼻聲門近音",
symbols = { "h̃" },
},
-- VOWELS 元音
-- Close vowels 閉元音
{
name = "閉前不圓唇元音",
symbols = { "i" },
audio = "Close front unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "閉前圓唇元音",
symbols = { "y" },
audio = "Close front rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "閉前不突出元音",
symbols = { "y͍", "iᵝ" },
audio = "Close front rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "閉前突出元音",
symbols = { "y̫", "yʷ", "iʷ" },
},
{
name = "閉央不圓唇元音",
symbols = { "ɨ", "ï" },
audio = "Close central unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "閉央圓唇元音",
symbols = { "ʉ", "ü" },
audio = "Close central rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "閉央突出元音",
symbols = { "ʉ̫", "ʉʷ", "ɨʷ" },
audio = "Close central rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "閉央不突出元音",
symbols = { "ÿ", "ɨᵝ" },
},
{
name = "閉後不圓唇元音",
symbols = { "ɯ" },
audio = "Close back unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "閉後圓唇元音",
symbols = { "u" },
audio = "Close back rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "閉後突出元音",
symbols = { "u̫", "uʷ", "ɯʷ" },
audio = "Close back rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "閉後不突出元音",
symbols = { "u͍", "ɯᵝ" },
audio = "Ja-U.oga"
},
-- Near-close vowels 次閉元音
{
name = "次閉前不圓唇元音",
symbols = { "ɪ", "ɪ̟", "i̞", "e̝" },
audio = "Near-close near-front unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "次閉前圓唇元音",
symbols = { "ʏ", "y̞", "y˕", "ø̝" },
audio = "Near-close near-front rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "次閉前不突出元音",
symbols = { "ʏ͍", "ɪᵝ" },
audio = "Near-close near-front rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "次閉前突出元音",
symbols = { "ʏ̫", "ʏʷ", "ɪʷ" },
},
{
name = "次閉央不圓唇元音",
symbols = { "ɪ̈", "ɨ̞", "ɘ̝" },
audio = "Near-close central unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "次閉央圓唇元音",
symbols = { "ʊ̈", "ʊ̟", "ʉ̞", "ɵ̝" },
},
{
name = "次閉央突出元音",
symbols = { "ʊ̫̈", "ʉ̫˕", "ʊ̈ʷ", "ʉ̞ʷ", "ɪ̈ʷ", "ɨ̞ʷ" },
},
{
name = "次閉央不突出元音",
symbols = { "ʏ̈", "ɨ̞ᵝ" },
},
{
name = "次閉後不圓唇元音",
symbols = { "ɯ̞", "ɯ̽" },
audio = "Near-close near-back unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "次閉後圓唇元音",
symbols = { "ʊ", "u̞", "o̝" },
audio = "Near-close near-back rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "次閉後突出元音",
symbols = { "ʊ̫", "ʊʷ", "ɯ̽ʷ", "ɤ̝̈ʷ", "u̫˕", "u̞ʷ", "ɯ̞ʷ", "ɤ̝ʷ" },
audio = "Near-close near-back rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "次閉後不突出元音",
symbols = { "ʊ͍", "ɯ̽ᵝ", "ɯ̞̈ᵝ", "ɯ̞ᵝ" },
},
-- Close-mid vowels
{
name = "半閉前不圓唇元音",
symbols = { "e" },
audio = "Close-mid front unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "半閉前圓唇元音",
symbols = { "ø" },
audio = "Close-mid front rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "半閉前不突出元音",
symbols = { "ø͍", "eᵝ" },
audio = "Close-mid front rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "半閉前突出元音",
symbols = { "ø̫", "øʷ", "eʷ" },
},
{
name = "半閉央不圓唇元音",
symbols = { "ɘ", "ë", "ɤ̈" },
audio = "Close-mid central unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "半閉央圓唇元音",
symbols = { "ɵ", "ö" },
audio = "Close-mid central rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "半閉央突出元音",
symbols = { "ɵ̫", "ɵʷ", "ɘʷ" },
audio = "Close-mid central rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "半閉央不突出元音",
symbols = { "ø̈", "ɘᵝ" },
},
{
name = "半閉後不圓唇元音",
symbols = { "ɤ" },
audio = "Close-mid back unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "半閉後圓唇元音",
symbols = { "o" },
audio = "Close-mid back rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "半閉後突出元音",
symbols = { "o̫", "oʷ", "ɤʷ" },
audio = "Close-mid back rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "半閉後不突出元音",
symbols = { "o͍", "ɤᵝ" },
},
-- Mid vowels 中元音
{
name = "中前不圓唇元音",
symbols = { "e̞", "ɛ̝" },
audio = "Mid front unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "中前圓唇元音",
symbols = { "ø̞", "œ̝" },
},
{
name = "中前不突出元音",
symbols = { "ø͍˕", "œ͍˔", "e̞ᵝ", "ɛ̝ᵝ" },
},
{
name = "中前突出元音",
symbols = { "ø̫˕", "œ̫˔", "ø̞ʷ", "œ̝ʷ", "e̞ʷ", "ɛ̝ʷ" },
},
{
name = "中央元音",
symbols = { "ə" },
audio = "Mid-central vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "中央不圓唇元音",
symbols = { "ə̜", "ɘ̞", "ɜ̝" },
audio = "Mid-central vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "中央圓唇元音",
symbols = { "ə̹", "ɵ̞", "ɞ̝" },
audio = "Mid central rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "中後不圓唇元音",
symbols = { "ɤ̞", "ʌ̝" },
},
{
name = "中後圓唇元音",
symbols = { "o̞", "ɔ̝" },
audio = "Mid back rounded vowel.ogg"
},
-- Open-mid vowels 半開元音
{
name = "半開前不圓唇元音",
symbols = { "ɛ" },
audio = "Open-mid front unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "半開前圓唇元音",
symbols = { "œ" },
audio = "Open-mid front rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "半開前不突出元音",
symbols = { "œ͍", "ɛᵝ" },
audio = "Open-mid front rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "半開前突出元音",
symbols = { "œ̫", "œʷ", "ɛʷ" },
},
{
name = "半開央不圓唇元音",
symbols = { "ɜ", "ɛ̈", "ʌ̈" },
audio = "Open-mid central unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "半開央圓唇元音",
symbols = { "ɞ" },
audio = "Open-mid central rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "半開後不圓唇元音",
symbols = { "ʌ" },
audio = "Open-mid back unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "半開後圓唇元音",
symbols = { "ɔ" },
audio = "Open-mid back rounded vowel.ogg"
},
-- Near-open vowels 次開元音
{
name = "次開前不圓唇元音",
symbols = { "æ" },
audio = "Near-open front unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "次開央元音",
symbols = { "ɐ" },
audio = "Near-open central unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "次開央不圓唇元音",
symbols = { "ɐ̜", "ɜ̞" },
audio = "Near-open central unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "次開央圓唇元音",
symbols = { "ɐ̹", "ɞ̞" },
},
-- Open vowels 開元音
{
name = "開前不圓唇元音",
symbols = { "a", "æ̞" },
audio = "Open front unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "開前圓唇元音",
symbols = { "ɶ" },
audio = "Open front rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "開央不圓唇元音",
symbols = { "ä", "ɑ̈", "ɐ̞" },
audio = "Open central unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "開央圓唇元音",
symbols = { "ɒ̈", "ɶ̈" },
audio = "Open central rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "開後不圓唇元音",
symbols = { "ɑ" },
audio = "Open back unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "開後圓唇元音",
symbols = { "ɒ" },
audio = "Open back rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "兒化元音",
symbols = { "ɚ", "ɝ", "ɹ̩", "ɻ̍" },
audio = "En-us-er.ogg"
},
-- SUPRASEGMENTALS 超音段成分
{
name = "重音",
symbols = { "ˈ" },
article = "輕重讀",
},
{
name = "次重音",
symbols = { "ˌ" },
},
{
name = "小句（音步）組",
symbols = { "|" },
article = "韻律單位",
},
{
name = "主句（語調）組",
symbols = { "‖" },
article = "韻律單位",
},
{
name = "音節間斷",
symbols = { "." },
article = "音節",
},
{
name = "聯誦",
symbols = { "‿" },
},
-- TONES AND WORD ACCENTS 聲調與單詞重音
{
name = "降階",
symbols = { "ꜜ" },
},
{
name = "升階",
symbols = { "ꜛ" },
},
{
name = "升語調",
symbols = { "↗" },
article = "韻律 (語言學)",
},
{
name = "降語調",
symbols = { "↘" },
article = "韻律 (語言學)",
},
-- EXTENDED IPA (extIPA) 擴展國際音標
{
name = "雙唇撞擊音",
symbols = { "ʬ" },
},
{
name = "雙齒撞擊音",
symbols = { "ʭ" },
},
{
name = "顎咽擦音",
symbols = { "ʩ" },
},
{
name = "清齒齦邊-中擦音",
symbols = { "ʪ" },
article = "Lateral release (phonetics)",
},
{
name = "濁齒齦邊-中擦音",
symbols = { "ʫ" },
article = "Lateral release (phonetics)",
},
{
name = "吸入氣流",
symbols = { "↓" },
article = "吸氣音",
},
{
name = "呼出氣流",
symbols = { "↑" },
article = "呼氣音",
},
{
name = "舌尖r",
symbols = { "ɹ̺" },
article = "Pronunciation of English /r/",
},
{
name = "Bunched r",
symbols = { "ɹ̈" },
article = "Pronunciation of English /r/",
},
{
name = "Sublaminal lower alveolar percussive",
symbols = { "¡" },
article = "Percussive consonant",
},
{
name = "Percussive alveolar click",
symbols = { "ǃ¡" },
},
{
name = "Buccal interdental trill",
symbols = { "ↀr̪͆" },
article = "Blowing a raspberry",
},
-- NON-IPA 非IPA
{
name = "Morphological boundary",
symbols = { "#" },
article = "詞幹",
},
{
name = "零",
symbols = { "∅" },
article = "Zero (linguistics)",
},
},
diacritics = {
-- DIACRITICS 變音符號
{
name = "清化",
symbols = { "̥", "̊", "ḁ", "å", "ů", "ẘ", "ẙ" },
},
{
name = "濁化",
symbols = { "̬" },
article = "清濁音",
},
{
name = "送氣",
symbols = { "ʰ" },
},
{
name = "更圓唇",
symbols = { "̹", "͗", "˒" },
article = "元音圓唇度",
},
{
name = "更展唇",
symbols = { "̜", "͑", "˓", "͍" },
article = "元音圓唇度",
},
{
name = "較前",
symbols = { "̟", "˖" },
article = "Relative articulation#Advanced and retracted",
},
{
name = "較後",
symbols = { "̠", "˗" },
article = "Relative articulation#Advanced and retracted",
},
{
name = "較央",
symbols = { "̈" },
article = "Relative articulation#Centralized vowels",
},
{
name = "中央化",
symbols = { "̽" },
article = "Relative articulation#Mid-centralized vowel",
},
{
name = "成音節",
symbols = { "̩", "̍" },
article = "音節輔音",
},
{
name = "不成音節",
symbols = { "̯", "̑" },
article = "半元音",
},
{
name = "日化",
symbols = { "˞" },
article = "日化元音",
audio = "En-us-er.ogg"
},
{
name = "呼氣音",
symbols = { "̤", "ṳ", "ʱ" },
article = "呼氣聲",
},
{
name = "吱嘎音",
symbols = { "̰", "ḛ", "ḭ", "ṵ" },
article = "Creaky voice",
},
{
name = "舌唇化",
symbols = { "̼" },
article = "舌唇音",
},
{
name = "唇音化",
symbols = { "ʷ", "̫" },
},
{
name = "顎音化",
symbols = { "ʲ" },
},
{
name = "軟顎化",
symbols = { "ˠ" },
},
{
name = "咽化",
symbols = { "ˤ" },
},
{
name = "軟顎化或咽化",
symbols = { "̴", "ᵯ", "ᵰ", "ᵱ", "ᵬ", "ᵮ", "ᵵ", "ᵭ", "ᵴ", "ᵶ", "ᵳ", "ᵲ" },
article = "軟顎化",
},
{
name = "較高",
symbols = { "̝", "˔" },
article = "Relative articulation#Raised and lowered",
},
{
name = "較低",
symbols = { "̞", "˕" },
article = "Relative articulation#Raised and lowered",
},
{
name = "舌根前移",
symbols = { "̘" },
},
{
name = "舌根後移",
symbols = { "̙" },
},
{
name = "齒化",
symbols = { "̪", "͆" },
article = "齒音",
},
{
name = "舌尖化",
symbols = { "̺" },
article = "舌尖音",
},
{
name = "舌葉化",
symbols = { "̻" },
article = "舌葉音",
},
{
name = "鼻音化",
symbols = { "̃", "ṽ" },
},
{
name = "鼻化元音",
symbols = { "ĩ", "ỹ", "ɨ̃", "ʉ̃", "ɯ̃", "ũ", "ɪ̃", "ʏ̃", "ʊ̃", "ẽ", "ø̃", "ɘ̃", "ɵ̃", "ɤ̃", "õ", "ə̃", "ɛ̃", "œ̃", "ɜ̃", "ɞ̃", "ʌ̃", "ɔ̃", "æ̃", "ɐ̃", "ã", "ɶ̃", "ä̃", "ɑ̃", "ɒ̃" },
},
{
name = "鼻音除阻",
symbols = { "ⁿ" },
},
{
name = "邊音除阻",
symbols = { "ˡ" },
},
{
name = "無聲除阻",
symbols = { "̚" },
},
{
name = "擠喉",
symbols = { "ʼ" },
article = "擠喉音",
},
{
name = "聲門化",
symbols = { "ˀ" },
article = "聲門音",
},
{
name = "唇硬顎化",
symbols = { "ᶣ" },
article = "唇硬顎音",
},
-- SUPRASEGMENTALS 超音段成分
{
name = "長音",
symbols = { "ː" },
article = "長音 (語音學)",
},
{
name = "半長音",
symbols = { "ˑ" },
article = "長音 (語音學)",
},
{
name = "特短",
symbols = { "̆" },
},
-- TONES AND WORD ACCENTS 聲調與單詞重音
{
name = "重音",
symbols = { "̋", "́", "̄", "̀", "̏" },
article = "高低重音",
},
{
name = "聲調",
symbols = { "̌", "ű", "ӳ", "ő", "̂", "í", "ý", "ú", "é", "ó", "á", "᷄", "ī", "ȳ", "ū", "ē", "ō", "ǣ", "ā", "᷅", "ì", "ỳ", "ù", "è", "ò", "à", "᷈", "ȉ", "ȕ", "ȅ", "ȍ", "ȁ", "˥", "˦", "˧", "˨", "˩" },
},
-- EXTENDED IPA (extIPA) 擴展國際音標
{
name = "齒齦",
symbols = { "͇" },
article = "齒齦音",
},
{
name = "強發音",
symbols = { "͈", "̎" },
article = "強發音與弱發音",
},
{
name = "弱發音",
symbols = { "͉", "᷂" },
article = "強發音與弱發音",
},
{
name = "去鼻音化",
symbols = { "͊" },
},
{
name = "顎咽摩擦",
symbols = { "͌" },
article = "顎咽音",
},
{
name = "口哨音",
symbols = { "͎" },
article = "Whistled sibilant",
},
{
name = "不送氣",
symbols = { "˭" },
article = "不送氣音",
},
{
name = "前送氣", -- Pre-aspiration
symbols = { "ʰp", "ʰt", "ʰʈ", "ʰc", "ʰk", "ʰq", "ʰn" },
},
-- NON-IPA 非IPA
{
name = "捲舌",
symbols = { "̣", "̢" },
article = "捲舌音",
},
{
name = "前鼻音化", -- Prenasalized consonant
symbols = { "ᵐ", "ᶬ", "ⁿt", "ⁿd", "ⁿθ", "ⁿð", "ⁿs", "ⁿz", "ⁿʃ", "ⁿʒ", "ⁿɕ", "ⁿʑ", "ⁿr", "ⁿɬ", "ⁿɮ", "ⁿl", "ᶯ", "ᶮ", "ᵑ", "ᶰ" },
},
{
name = "前塞音化", -- Pre-stopped consonant
symbols = { "ᵖ", "ᵇ", "ᵗ", "ᵈ", "ᶜ", "ᶡ", "ᵏ", "ᶢ", "ᴳ" },
},
}
}
for k, group in pairs(rawData) do
for _, v in ipairs(group) do
local t = {
name = v.name,
symbol = v.symbols[1],
article = v.article or v.name,
audio = v.audio or ""
}
for _, s in ipairs(v.symbols) do
data[k][s] = t
end
end
end
return { data = data, rawData = rawData }