群學
觀
群學,肇於西元十九稘之末。考民群相與之道,究百代演變之理也。[一]
其治學之法,一曰徵實 [二][三],一曰辨理 [四]。徵實者,據事以察驗,務得其情;辨理者,析其源流,辨其是非。蓋欲成一家之學說,以明群體之綱紀、民群之舉動、人倫之交際也[三]。
其學之鵠的,非徒為知,乃欲致用。或以增益群利、通達輿情;其高遠者,欲使人脫困厄、等差之梏。
此學所涉甚廣,小大畢觀。小者,若二人之往來;大者,若邦國之體制。故其學與計、法、政、人類諸學,並列格致之林。
其素所究者,若等差之分別,若品級之遷轉,若宗教,若律法,若越軌之行。其法復有窮理、計數之辨。窮理者,深究其義;計數者,博採其量。
晚近,其目益廣,衛生、醫療、軍旅、度支,乃及網絡之奇,無不囊括。又因文風之變,而生義理、詮釋之新途。科學日新,技藝月異:更有算學推衍之新法,以摹擬一己之居處(英言Agent-Based Model);別有群網考辨之途,亦正盛焉[五][六]。
據
[纂]- ↑ 《A Dictionary of Sociology》3rd。Oxford University Press以二〇〇五年刊之,ISBN 978-0198609865。
- ↑ Ashley D, Orenstein DM《Sociological theory: Classical statements》6th3–5, 32–36。Pearson Education以二〇〇五年刊諸Boston, Massachusetts, USA。
- ↑ 三點〇 三點一 《Introduction to Sociology》6th。W.W. Norton and Company以二〇〇七年刊諸New York,ISBN 978-0393929218。
- ↑ Ashley D, Orenstein DM《Sociological theory: Classical statements (6th ed.)》3–5, 38–40。Pearson Education以二〇〇五年刊諸Boston, Massachusetts, USA。
- ↑ Macy, Michael; Willer, Robb. From Factors to Actors: Computational Sociology and Agent-Based Modeling. Annual Review of Sociology. 2002, 28: 143–66.
- ↑ Lazer, David; Pentland, Alex; Adamic, L; Aral, S; Barabasi, AL; Brewer, D; Christakis, N; Contractor, N; Fowler, J. Computational Social Science. Science. 2009-02-06, 323 (5915): 721–723 [2010-08-29]. ISSN 0036-8075. PMC 2745217
. PMID 19197046. doi:10.1126/science.1167742. (原文存卷於2009-08-09).
